Solar anafotokoza photovoltais ndi magetsi

Maselo a Photovoltaic amasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi

Selo la photovoltaic (PV), lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa solar cell, ndi chipangizo chopanda makina chomwe chimasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi. Ma cell ena a PV amatha kusintha kuwala kochita kupanga kukhala magetsi.

Mafoni amanyamula mphamvu ya dzuwa

Kuwala kwadzuwa kumapangidwa ndi ma photon, kapena tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ma photon awa ali ndi mphamvu zosiyana siyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana

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Kuyenda kwa magetsi

Kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi, iliyonse itanyamula chaji yolakwika, kupita kutsogolo kwa selo kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi isayende bwino pakati pa ma cell akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kusalinganika uku, kumapangitsanso mphamvu yamagetsi ngati ma terminals olakwika komanso abwino a batri. Ma kondakitala amagetsi pa selo amayamwa ma elekitironi. Pamene ma conductors alumikizidwa mu dera lamagetsi kupita ku katundu wakunja, monga batire, magetsi amayenda mozungulira.

Kuchita bwino kwa machitidwe a photovoltaic kumasiyana ndi mtundu wa teknoloji ya photovoltaic

Kuchita bwino komwe ma cell a PV amasinthira kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi kumasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa semiconductor material ndi ukadaulo wa PV cell. Kuchita bwino kwa ma PV modules omwe amapezeka pamalonda anali osachepera 10% pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, kuwonjezeka mpaka pafupifupi 15% pofika chaka cha 2015, ndipo tsopano akuyandikira 20% kwa ma modules apamwamba kwambiri. Maselo oyesera a PV ndi ma PV a misika yama niche, monga ma satellites amlengalenga, akwanitsa pafupifupi 50%.

Momwe ma photovoltaic systems amagwirira ntchito

Selo la PV ndiye maziko omanga a dongosolo la PV. Maselo amodzi amatha kukula kuchokera pafupifupi mainchesi 0.5 mpaka mainchesi 4 kudutsa. Komabe, selo imodzi imangotulutsa 1 kapena 2 Watts, yomwe ndi magetsi ongokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono, monga zowerengera mphamvu kapena mawotchi apamanja.

Maselo a PV amalumikizidwa ndi magetsi mu module ya PV yopakidwa, yopanda nyengo kapena gulu. Ma module a PV amasiyana kukula kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amatha kupanga. PV module mphamvu yopanga magetsi imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mu module kapena pamtunda wa module. Ma module a PV amatha kulumikizidwa m'magulu kuti apange gulu la PV. Gulu la PV litha kupangidwa ndi ma module awiri kapena mazana a PV. Kuchuluka kwa ma module a PV olumikizidwa mu gulu la PV kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe gulu lingathe kupanga.

Ma cell a Photovoltaic amapanga magetsi olunjika (DC). Magetsi a DC awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa mabatire omwe, nawonso, amakhala ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi olunjika. Pafupifupi magetsi onse amaperekedwa ngati alternating current (AC) mumayendedwe otumizira ndi kugawa magetsi. Zipangizo zotchedwa

Ma cell a PV ndi ma modules adzatulutsa magetsi ambiri akakhala akuyang'ana dzuwa. PV modules ndi arrays angagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirira zomwe zimasuntha ma modules kuti ayang'ane ndi dzuwa nthawi zonse, koma machitidwewa ndi okwera mtengo. Machitidwe ambiri a PV ali ndi ma modules pamalo okhazikika ndi ma modules omwe akuyang'ana molunjika kum'mwera (kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi - kumpoto kwa dziko lakum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi) komanso pamakona omwe amakwaniritsa bwino momwe thupi ndi zachuma zimagwirira ntchito.

Ma cell a solar photovoltaic amasanjidwa m'magulu (ma module), ndipo mapanelo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti apange magetsi ang'onoang'ono kapena akulu, monga opangira mapampu amadzi amadzi a ziweto, popereka magetsi m'nyumba, kapena zothandizira- kupanga magetsi sikelo.

Gwero: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (yovomerezeka)

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma photovoltaic systems

Makina ang'onoang'ono a photovoltaic owerengera mphamvu ndi mawotchi apamanja. Makina akuluakulu angapereke magetsi opopera madzi, ku zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi, kupereka magetsi a nyumba imodzi kapena bizinesi, kapena kupanga magulu akuluakulu omwe amapereka magetsi kwa anthu zikwizikwi ogula magetsi.

Ubwino wina wamakina a PV ndi

â¢Makina a PV amatha kupereka magetsi m'malo omwe makina ogawa magetsi kulibe, komanso amatha kupereka magetsi kumalo opangira magetsi.
â¢Ma PV arrays amatha kuyika mwachangu ndipo akhoza kukhala kukula kulikonse.
â¢Zotsatira za chilengedwe zamakina a PV omwe ali panyumba ndizochepa.

Gwero: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (yovomerezeka)

Gwero: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (yovomerezeka)

Mbiri ya photovoltaics

Selo yoyamba yothandiza ya PV idapangidwa mu 1954 ndi ofufuza a Bell Telephone. Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1950, ma cell a PV ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu ma satellites a ku U.S. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, mapanelo a PV anali kupereka magetsi kutali, kapena

Bungwe la U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) likuyerekeza kuti magetsi opangidwa pamalo opangira magetsi a PV adakwera kuchoka pa 76 miliyoni kilowatthours (kWh) mu 2008 kufika pa 69 biliyoni (kWh) mu 2019. Malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ali ndi ma kilowatts osachepera 1,000 (kapena megawati imodzi) ya mphamvu yopangira magetsi. EIA ikuyerekeza kuti 33 biliyoni kWh idapangidwa ndi makina ang'onoang'ono olumikizidwa ndi gridi ya PV mu 2019, kuchokera pa 11 biliyoni kWh mu 2014. Makina ang'onoang'ono a PV ndi machitidwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu yopangira magetsi yosakwana megawati imodzi. Ambiri amakhala panyumba ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwa